晋太宗宣武帝实录23
书迷正在阅读：杀穿诡片世界、新娘实习中：OK，老公大人、北宋末年的良心、输了一栋楼，赢回一座城、我可是纯伊布训练家、州桥与花桥、我的女友有七重人格、LPL别联系了，我们真不熟！、捡了个逆天手机、美食：让你去帮工，你却烧大席！
陈牧：寡人闻，吾华夏有四海九州，何也？先生教我。 萧凡：臣以为，八荒之内有四海，四海之内有九州。天子处中州而制八方耳。两河间曰冀州，河南曰豫州，河西曰雍州，汉南曰荆州，江南曰扬州，济河间曰兖州，济东曰徐州，燕曰幽州，齐曰青州。山川汙泽，陵陆邱阜，五土之宜，圣王就其势，因其便，不失其性。历代王者，京师四通而致之。 陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。 chenmu：IheardthattherearefourseasandninestatesinChina，Sirtaughtmewhichones？ xiaofan：Ithink，Therearefourseasbetweenheavenandearth，Thereareninestatesbetweenthefourseas，Theemperorruledovertheothereightstatesinthecenter，ThereisJizhoubetweenthetworivers，YuzhouissouthoftheGreatRiver，ThereisYongzhouwestoftheGreatRiver，SouthoftheHanRiverisJingzhou，ThereisYangzhoueastoftheHanRiver，BetweenthetworiversisYanzhou，XuzhouiseastoftheJiRiver，TheStateofYanwastheformerStateofYan，TheStateofQiwastheformerQingzhou，Mountains，rivers，seas，land，hills，theirterrainisdifferent，TheHolyKingdividedtheworldintoninestatesaccordingtotheirdifferences，Successivekingshavelinkedthecentralgovernmentwiththeothereightstates。 chenmu:Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。 陈牧：何为良将之姿？寡人愿闻先生之见。 萧凡：臣以为，责之而不骄，委之而不专，扶之而不隐，免之而不惧，此乃良将之姿也，良将之为政也，使人择之，不自举；使法量功，不自度，以是能功成而动宇内也。 陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。 chenmu：Iwonderwhatthecriteriaforagoodgeneralare？Sirtaughtme。 xiaofan：Ithink，Thechiefentrustedhimwiththetask，buthewasnotproudandarbitrary，Supporthimbuthedoesn‘thide，Removehimbutheisnotafraid，Thisisthequalificationofagoodgeneral，Agoodgeneralhandlespoliticalaffairs，andhedoesnotelecthimselfbutletsothers，Rewardaccordingtotherulesratherthanhisownwill，Becauseofthis，theycanbuildmeritoriousdeedsandbecomefamousintheworld。 chenmu:Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。 陈牧：寡人欲大赦天下，以恩泽百姓，可乎？先生以为如何？ 萧凡：臣以为，治世以大德，不以小惠，故匡衡、吴汉不愿为赦。刘玄德亦言，其周旋陈元方、郑康成间，每见启告，治乱之道悉矣，曾不语赦也。若梁武帝、唐玄宗，岁岁赦宥，jian人欣欣，善人喑哑，何益於治也！ 陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。 chenmu：IwanttoforgivesinnersintheworldtoshowpeopleMykindness，Sirwhatdoyouthink？ xiaofan：Ithink，Youshouldgovernyourcountrywithgreatvirtueratherthansmallfavors，Therefore，KuangHengandWuHandidnotsupportarbitrarypardons，Previously，LiuBei‘steacherstaughthimtogovernthecountrywithoutarbitrarypardons，EmperorWuofLiangandEmperorXuanzongofTangoftenpardonedcriminals，Thismakesthevillainveryhappyandthegentlemanveryhurt，Howcansuchamethodgovernthecountrywell？ chenmu:Sirisright，Iwaswrong。 陈牧：何以知人之性，先生教我。 萧凡：臣以为，人之性莫难察焉。美恶既殊，情貌不一，有温良而为诈者，有外恭而内欺者，有外勇而内怯者，有尽力而不忠者。然知人之道有七焉：一曰，间之以是非而观其志；二曰，穷之以辞辩而观其变；三曰，咨之以计谋而观其识；四曰，告之以祸难而观其勇；五曰，醉之以酒而观其性；六曰，临之以利而观其廉；七曰，期之以事而观其信。以此差可知之。 陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。 chenmu：Howtounderstandhumannature？Sirtaughtme。 xiaofan：Ithink，Humannatureishardtoguess，Everyoneisdifferent，Somepeopleseemdocileandkind，buttheyaretreacherous，Somepeoplelookbravebutareactuallyverycowardly，Somepeopleareverycapableofworkingbutdisloyal，Buttherearesevencriteriaforknowingaperson，first，Lethimhandletheaffairstoobservehisambitions，second，Arguewithhimtoobservehischanges，third，Askhimforstrategiestotesthisabilities，fourth，Tellhimaboutourdifficultiestoseeifheisbrave，fifth，Gethimdrunktotoobservehisnature，sixth，Givehimbenefitstoobservewhetherheisincorruptible，seventh，Makeanappointmentwithhimtoobservehisintegrity，Intheseways，humannaturecanbeunderstood。 chenmu:Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。 陈牧：寡人愿闻，何以别将材？先生教我。 萧凡：臣以为将材有九，道之以德，齐之以礼，而知其饥寒，察其劳苦，此之谓仁将。事无苟免，不为利挠，有死之荣，无生之辱，此之谓义将。贵而不骄，胜而不恃，贤而能下，刚而能忍，此之谓礼将。奇变莫测，动应多端，转祸为福，临危制胜，此之谓智将。进有厚赏，退有严刑，赏不逾时，刑不择贵，此之谓信将。足轻戎马，气盖千夫，善固疆埸，长於剑戟，此之谓步将。登高履险，驰射如飞，进则先行，退则後殿，此之谓骑将。气凌三军，志轻强虏，怯於小战，勇於大敌，此之谓猛将。见贤若不及，从谏如流，宽而能强，勇而多计，此之谓大将。 陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。 chenmu：Iwanttoknowhowtounderstandtheabilitiesofageneral？Sirtaughtme。 xiaofan：Ithink，thepersoncanbedividedintonineaccordingtotheirabilities，Suchapersonwhogovernsthearmywithvirtueandetiquetteandcanunderstandthehungerandcoldandhardshipofthesoldiersisabenevolentgeneral，Daretotakeresponsibility，donotcovetprofits，andregardhonoranddisgraceveryseriously，suchapersonisarighteousgeneral，Honorablebutnotproud，victoriousbutnotlightenemies，capablebutabletolistentotheopinionsofothers，strongbuttolerant，suchapersonisageneralwithetiquette，Therearemanystrategies，andtheyareveryaccurate，theycanturnstrangethingsintogoodthings，andtheycanwinincrises，andsuchpeoplearewisegenerals，Therearerewardsforadvancing，punishmentsforretreating，anddealingwiththemaccordingtotherules，nothumanfeelings，andsuchapersonisafaithfulgeneral，Thepersonwhoisverygoodatinfantrycombatisthegeneraloftheinfantry，Thepersonwhoisverygoodatcavalrycombatisthegeneralofthecavalryarmy，Thosewhohavegreatpersonalforceandcandeterthewholearmyarefiercegenerals，Suchapersonwhocanaccepttheopinionsofothersandistolerantandstrategicisamarshal。 chenmu:Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。 陈牧：寡人愿闻，何为将之器，先生教我。 萧凡：臣以为将之器，其用大小不同。若乃察其jian，伺其祸，为众所服，此十夫之将。夙兴夜寐，言词密察，此百夫之将。直而有虑，勇而能斗，此千夫之将。外貌桓桓，中情烈烈，知人勤劳，悉人饥寒，此万夫之将。进贤进能，日慎一日，诚信宽大，闲於理乱，此十万人之将。仁爱洽於下，信义服邻国，上知天文，中察人事，下识地理，四海之内，视如室家，此天下之将。 陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。 chenmu：Iwouldliketoknowthedivisionofthegeneral‘scommandingability，Sirtaughtme。 xiaofan：Ithinkeverygeneral‘scommandingabilityisdifferent，Suchapersonwhocanseethedetailsandsmallthingsandistrustedbythesoldiersisthesquadleader，Suchapersonwhoworksveryhardandisverymeticulousisacompanycommander，Suchpeoplewhoarehonestandstrategic，braveandeffectivearetheregimentalcommanders，Lookingordinary，stronginheart，andknowingthehardshipsofothers，suchapersonisateacher，Suchapersonwhoisverycautious，honestandtolerant，andgoodatcalmingchaosisacommander，Treathissubordinateswithbenevolence，neighborsadmirehisfaithfulness，understandastronomicalgeographyandhumanities，suchapersonisamarshal。 chenmu:Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。